Ruptured Caseous Calcification of the Mitral Annulus With Left Ventricular–Left Atrial Fistula Formation Causing Hemolytic Anemia

Abstract

This case highlights a rare yet clinically significant complication of caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA), wherein three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography clearly delineated a left ventricular-to-left atrial fistula secondary to CCMA rupture, resulting in hemolytic anemia.