Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Current concepts in histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular diagnostics.

IF 3.5 3区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
Jared Beyersdorf, M Lisa Zhang
{"title":"Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Current concepts in histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular diagnostics.","authors":"Jared Beyersdorf, M Lisa Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150949","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) makes up a diverse group of malignancies that originate from the biliary epithelium. Despite its rarity, this is a highly aggressive group of diseases with a high mortality, which has been increasing on a global scale. Classification of CCA is based on the anatomical site of origin and consists of intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA) cholangiocarcinoma. The pathologic diagnosis of CCA can be challenging from multiple standpoints, including tissue acquisition and interpretation. Surgery is the only curative treatment, but patients often present at late stages, which may not be amenable to surgical treatment. Novel therapies are emerging for CCA, and early genetic testing is essential to identify candidate patients. There is a need for further developments in immunohistochemistry and molecular characterization of CCA to enable earlier diagnosis, especially from limited samples. This review provides a concise overview of current concepts in the pathology of CCA, focusing on diagnostic challenges, histology, staging, immunohistochemistry, and evolving molecular features.</p>","PeriodicalId":49548,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"150949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semdp.2025.150949","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) makes up a diverse group of malignancies that originate from the biliary epithelium. Despite its rarity, this is a highly aggressive group of diseases with a high mortality, which has been increasing on a global scale. Classification of CCA is based on the anatomical site of origin and consists of intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA) cholangiocarcinoma. The pathologic diagnosis of CCA can be challenging from multiple standpoints, including tissue acquisition and interpretation. Surgery is the only curative treatment, but patients often present at late stages, which may not be amenable to surgical treatment. Novel therapies are emerging for CCA, and early genetic testing is essential to identify candidate patients. There is a need for further developments in immunohistochemistry and molecular characterization of CCA to enable earlier diagnosis, especially from limited samples. This review provides a concise overview of current concepts in the pathology of CCA, focusing on diagnostic challenges, histology, staging, immunohistochemistry, and evolving molecular features.

肝外胆管癌:组织病理学、免疫组织化学和分子诊断的最新概念。
胆管癌(CCA)构成了一组不同的恶性肿瘤,起源于胆道上皮。尽管罕见,但这是一组具有高度侵袭性的疾病,死亡率高,在全球范围内一直在增加。胆管癌的分类基于起源的解剖位置,包括肝内胆管癌(iCCA)、门周胆管癌(pCCA)和远端胆管癌(dCCA)。CCA的病理诊断可能从多个角度具有挑战性,包括组织获取和解释。手术是唯一的治疗方法,但患者往往出现在晚期,这可能不适合手术治疗。CCA的新疗法正在出现,早期基因检测对于确定候选患者至关重要。需要进一步发展CCA的免疫组织化学和分子表征,以实现早期诊断,特别是在有限的样本中。这篇综述提供了当前CCA病理学概念的简要概述,重点是诊断挑战、组织学、分期、免疫组织化学和进化分子特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
69
审稿时长
71 days
期刊介绍: Each issue of Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology offers current, authoritative reviews of topics in diagnostic anatomic pathology. The Seminars is of interest to pathologists, clinical investigators and physicians in practice.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信