Erythroderma and acute skin failure

Abstract

Erythroderma is a condition characterized by widespread erythema involving >90% of the body surface area. It is usually acute, but may be chronic. It a potentially life-threatening condition and can lead to complications. Damaged skin barrier function, immune dysregulation and genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of this condition. Skin conditions including eczema and psoriasis, drug eruptions and haematological malignancies are the main causes of erythroderma, with genetic conditions contributing to rarer causes. Early recognition with systematic history taking and examination is key, and prompt initiation of treatment is vital to prevent systemic complications such as organ failure. Management is largely targeted at the underlying cause. By understanding and recognizing the causes, course and implications of erythroderma, healthcare professionals can better support affected individuals and improve patient outcomes via a multidisciplinary team approach.