Current Landscape of Hydroxamic Acid Hybrids With Anti-Colorectal Cancer Potential

Abstract

Colorectal cancer, also referred to as colon cancer, is a malignant tumor originating from the inner lining of the rectum or colon, the longest segment of the large intestine. As one of the most prevalent digestive system cancers globally, colorectal cancer ranks third among all cancers worldwide, comprising approximately 10% of all new cancer cases, and poses a serious threat to human life and health. Hydroxamic acid hybrids as potential histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors could exert anti-colorectal cancer effects through multiple interconnected pathways, primarily targeting key molecular and cellular processes involved in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, hydroxamic acid hybrids can simultaneously target two or more distinct cancer sites, thereby potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, improving pharmacokinetic properties, and minimizing side effects. This review outlines the current landscape of hydroxamic acid hybrids with potential anti-colorectal cancer properties, developed from 2020 to the present, aiming to open new avenues for exploring novel candidates.