Urea water bath: A novel treatment for monogenean parasite infections in hagfish (Agnatha: Myxiniformes: Myxinidae)

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2025.103518

Taketeru Tomita , Hiroko Takaoka , Nozomi Hanahara

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Abstract

Monogenean flatworms are pathogenic parasites that infect the skin of marine fish and pose a major problem in aquaculture and aquarium industries. Freshwater baths are the most commonly used method to treat these infections. However, this method is not suitable for certain fish taxa, including hagfish (Agnatha: Myxiniformes: Myxinidae), which have low tolerance to hypoosmotic environments.

In the present study, we developed a treatment fluid specifically for use in hagfish. The fluid was prepared by dissolving urea in a mixture of chlorine-free tap water and seawater. A 5-min bath of three captive purple hagfish in the fluid successfully eliminated the parasites, with no apparent side effects. To date, this is the only known effective treatment for monogenean infections in hagfish.

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In this study, we developed a method to treat monogenean infections in hagfish.
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This method uses a fluid containing a high concentration of urea.
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Bathing infected hagfish in the fluid successfully eliminated the parasites without apparent side effects.

Abstract Image

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尿素水浴：一种治疗盲鳗单系寄生虫感染的新方法。

单系扁形虫是一种感染海鱼皮肤的致病性寄生虫，是水产养殖和水族行业的主要问题。淡水浴是治疗这些感染最常用的方法。然而，这种方法不适用于某些鱼类分类，包括盲鳗（agna纲：粘虫目：粘虫科），它们对低渗环境的耐受性较低。在本研究中，我们开发了一种专门用于盲鳗的治疗液。该液体是通过将尿素溶解在无氯自来水和海水的混合物中制备的。将三条圈养的紫盲鳗放在液体中浸泡5分钟，成功地消除了寄生虫，没有明显的副作用。迄今为止，这是唯一已知的有效治疗盲鳗单基因感染的方法。•在本研究中，我们开发了一种治疗盲鳗单基因感染的方法。•该方法使用含有高浓度尿素的液体。•将受感染的盲鳗浸泡在这种液体中，成功地消除了寄生虫，没有明显的副作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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