Evaluation of serum CA15-3, CEA, Ki-67, PDL-1 and VEGF as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in canine mammary tumors

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Theriogenology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117579

H.E. Çolakoğlu , Ç. Fidan , M.E. Alçığır , A. Esen Göbekçi , E. Devrim , T. Anteplioğlu , M.O. Yazlık , Ö. Özmen , T. Reçber , E. Nemutlu , U. Kaya

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Canine mammary tumors are the most common tumor type among all cancer types. The study aims to evaluate the presence of tumor and early metastasis by comparing CEA, CA15-3, Ki-67, VEGF, and PD-L1 profiles in canine mammary tumors with and without metastasis and in healthy dogs, and to understand the effectiveness of the parameters in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.

Female dogs with mammary tumors were divided into two groups as metastatic (n = 20) and non-metastatic (n = 20) according to anamnesis, physical examination, blood analysis, imaging methods, and histopathology. Dogs without active complaints and applied to the clinic with a request for routine neutering constituted the healthy group (n = 20). Serum samples were taken from dogs in all groups, and serum CA15-3, CEA, VEGF, Ki-67, and PD-L1 levels were measured with ELISA.

The levels of CEA and CA15-3 were significantly higher in the serum of dogs with mammary tumors (metastatic and non-metastatic) compared to healthy ones. Serum VEGF levels were found to be highest in dogs with metastatic mammary tumors. Dogs with non-metastatic mammary tumors were found to exhibit the highest serum levels of Ki-67. There were no significant differences in PD-L1 among groups. A strong positive correlation was detected between all serum parameters. CEA, CA15-3, VEGF, and Ki-67 could be a useful diagnostic tool for canine mammary tumors with the AUC values of 0.770, 0.693, 0.696, and 0.902, respectively. In addition, Ki-67 was the best predictor of metastasis in dogs with mammary tumors, with an AUC value of 0.902.

In conclusion, serum CEA, CA15-3, VEGF, and Ki-67 parameters can be applied to increase the efficiency of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation in canine mammary tumors.

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血清CA15-3、CEA、Ki-67、PDL-1和VEGF作为犬乳腺肿瘤潜在诊断和预后生物标志物的评估

犬乳腺肿瘤是所有肿瘤类型中最常见的肿瘤类型。本研究旨在通过比较CEA、CA15-3、Ki-67、VEGF和PD-L1在犬乳腺肿瘤转移和未转移及健康犬中是否存在肿瘤及早期转移，了解这些参数在肿瘤诊断和预后中的作用。根据记忆、体格检查、血液分析、影像学方法及组织病理学检查，将雌性乳腺肿瘤犬分为转移性（n = 20）和非转移性（n = 20）两组。健康组（n = 20）为无主动抱怨并向诊所申请常规绝育的狗。取各组狗血清，采用ELISA法检测血清CA15-3、CEA、VEGF、Ki-67、PD-L1水平。与健康犬相比，患有乳腺肿瘤（转移性和非转移性）的犬血清中CEA和CA15-3水平显著升高。血清VEGF水平在患有转移性乳腺肿瘤的犬中最高。非转移性乳腺肿瘤犬血清Ki-67水平最高。各组间PD-L1水平差异无统计学意义。所有血清参数之间均呈显著正相关。CEA、CA15-3、VEGF和Ki-67的AUC值分别为0.770、0.693、0.696和0.902，可作为犬乳腺肿瘤的诊断工具。此外，Ki-67是乳腺肿瘤转移的最佳预测因子，其AUC值为0.902。综上所述，血清CEA、CA15-3、VEGF、Ki-67等指标可提高犬乳腺肿瘤的诊断和预后评价效率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Theriogenology 农林科学-生殖生物学

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

14.30%

发文量

387

审稿时长

72 days

期刊介绍： Theriogenology provides an international forum for researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals in animal reproductive biology. This acclaimed journal publishes articles on a wide range of topics in reproductive and developmental biology, of domestic mammal, avian, and aquatic species as well as wild species which are the object of veterinary care in research or conservation programs.