Transvaginal ultrasound approach for diagnosing pelvic venous disorders.

Abstract

This article presents a detailed, step-by-step protocol for performing transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) to assess the pelvic veins, emphasizing its importance in the diagnosis of pelvic venous disorders (PeVD). The protocol outlines anatomical landmarks, scanning techniques, and key ultrasound findings associated with PeVD. It also provides practical recommendations for optimizing image acquisition and interpretation. OVERVIEW: TVUS provides enhanced visualization of pelvic venous structures, with a particular emphasis on the pelvic venous plexuses, tributaries of the internal iliac vein, and gonadal veins. This protocol is designed to assist practitioners in the accurate assessment of PeVD by guiding the evaluation of the periuterine, perivaginal, gonadal, and iliac veins. It also includes techniques for identifying venous reflux and post-thrombotic changes. The advantages, limitations, and specific considerations for obtaining and interpreting TVUS images are also discussed. CONCLUSION: The integration of this protocol enables clinicians to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PeVD through a systematic and standardized approach to TVUS. In addition, promoting interdisciplinary awareness and use of TVUS in the assessment of PeVD may significantly improve patient management outcomes.