International Delphi Consensus on Medial Meniscal Root Tears Shows High Agreement on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation, but Lack of Agreement on Treatment of Asymptomatic Tears.

Abstract

Purpose: To develop an expert consensus statement on the diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation of MMRTs using a modified Delphi technique.

Methods: A working group developed statements on MMRT diagnosis, nonoperative management, surgical indications, surgical management, alignment, and rehabilitation using modified Delphi techniques. Fifty-six experts were surveyed over three rounds to reach consensus, with agreement measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Statements were included, revised, or excluded based on predefined thresholds (≥75% agreement, <20% disagreement). Experts suggested revisions or new statements in the first two rounds, and final consensus statements were included.

Results: All 56 experts completed three survey rounds. Experts agreed that root tears may occur with no known history of trauma, typically in older patients, and that it should be diagnosed with an MRI. In symptomatic patients with MMRTs without advanced osteoarthritis should be repaired using an anatomic transtibial pull-out technique (performing a pie crusting technique can be helpful for visualization). Nonoperative management is advised for patients with advanced osteoarthritis. High tibial osteotomy may be considered for significant varus malalignment during MMRT repair. The only statement without consensus was the management of asymptomatic MMRTs with mild medial compartment cartilage wear, indicating ongoing debate.

Conclusion: Overall, 98% of statements reached consensus. There is agreement that MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis. Symptomatic MMRTs without advanced osteoarthritis should be repaired early using an anatomic transtibial pull-out technique. End-stage knee osteoarthritis warrants nonoperative management of MMRTs, and a structured postoperative protocol with limited weightbearing and range of motion is essential after repair. No agreement was reached on managing asymptomatic MMRTs in patients without significant medial compartment degeneration. Meniscal centralization sutures may help in cases of substantial extrusion, but their routine use is debated.