Autoimmune eye diseases in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Introduction

The eye is a complex organ that can present complications related to autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Ocular manifestations may act as early indicators of autoimmune diseases, and their early diagnosis and treatment are essential to guaranteeing patients' quality of life. This review analyses the main autoimmune eye diseases associated with MS, focusing on intermediate uveitis and its personalised management.

Development

MS-associated uveitis includes various forms of intraocular inflammation affecting different areas of the eye. The relationship between MS and uveitis is complex and involves shared immunological mechanisms and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The clinical presentation of uveitis varies from asymptomatic forms to severe vision-threatening complications. The treatment of uveitis involves careful assessment and the consideration of immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatment with a view to controlling inflammation and preventing visual sequelae.

Conclusions

Treatment of MS-related uveitis is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Advances in immunomodulatory therapy offer new treatment options, as well as challenges related to adverse reactions and disease management. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between MS and eye diseases, and to optimise therapeutic strategies and improve patients' visual and neurological outcomes.