{"title":"Age-friendly Neighborhood Environment and Trajectories of Multimorbidity: The Moderating Effect of Life-course Socioeconomic Status.","authors":"Jing Liu, Meiteng Yu, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1093/geroni/igaf039","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Limited longitudinal study exists on the combined effects of environmental factors and life-course socioeconomic status (SES) on multimorbidity in China. This study aims to explore the cumulative impact of age-friendly neighborhoods on multimorbidity over time, focusing on SES moderation.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Analyzing data from 10, 125 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (2011-2020), this study assessed multimorbidity through self-reported chronic diseases and evaluated neighborhood environments using 8 domains from the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities framework. Childhood and adulthood SES were measured using latent class analysis. Latent growth curve models examined the effects of neighborhood environment, life-course SES, and their interactions on multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a statistically significant increase in multimorbidity over time, with an intercept of 0.514 and a slope of 0.085. Notably, government support showed an independent association with the baseline number of chronic diseases (<i>β</i> = -0.078, <i>p</i> < .1). The interaction between government support and childhood SES was also significant (<i>β</i> = -0.183, <i>p</i> < .05), suggesting that unfavorable childhood SES could reduce the protective effects of government support. Additionally, adulthood SES interacted with factors such as information infrastructure (<i>β</i> = -0.068, <i>p</i> < .001) and neighborly support (<i>β</i> = -0.092, <i>p</i> < .1), and transportation interacted with childhood SES (<i>β</i> = -0.028, <i>p</i> < .05), all negatively affecting the rate of change in multimorbidity. These findings suggest that individuals with higher SES derive greater benefits from these age-friendly neighborhood environment domains compared to their lower SES counterparts.</p><p><strong>Discussion and implications: </strong>Age-friendly neighborhoods with strong government support, neighborly support, and developed infrastructure slow multimorbidity progression. However, these benefits are influenced by life-course SES. Policymakers should consider disadvantaged populations' access to environmental resources and address potential neighborhood socioeconomic health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13596,"journal":{"name":"Innovation in Aging","volume":"9 6","pages":"igaf039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199366/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Innovation in Aging","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf039","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background and objectives: Limited longitudinal study exists on the combined effects of environmental factors and life-course socioeconomic status (SES) on multimorbidity in China. This study aims to explore the cumulative impact of age-friendly neighborhoods on multimorbidity over time, focusing on SES moderation.
Research design and methods: Analyzing data from 10, 125 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (2011-2020), this study assessed multimorbidity through self-reported chronic diseases and evaluated neighborhood environments using 8 domains from the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities framework. Childhood and adulthood SES were measured using latent class analysis. Latent growth curve models examined the effects of neighborhood environment, life-course SES, and their interactions on multimorbidity.
Results: The study found a statistically significant increase in multimorbidity over time, with an intercept of 0.514 and a slope of 0.085. Notably, government support showed an independent association with the baseline number of chronic diseases (β = -0.078, p < .1). The interaction between government support and childhood SES was also significant (β = -0.183, p < .05), suggesting that unfavorable childhood SES could reduce the protective effects of government support. Additionally, adulthood SES interacted with factors such as information infrastructure (β = -0.068, p < .001) and neighborly support (β = -0.092, p < .1), and transportation interacted with childhood SES (β = -0.028, p < .05), all negatively affecting the rate of change in multimorbidity. These findings suggest that individuals with higher SES derive greater benefits from these age-friendly neighborhood environment domains compared to their lower SES counterparts.
Discussion and implications: Age-friendly neighborhoods with strong government support, neighborly support, and developed infrastructure slow multimorbidity progression. However, these benefits are influenced by life-course SES. Policymakers should consider disadvantaged populations' access to environmental resources and address potential neighborhood socioeconomic health inequalities.
期刊介绍：
Innovation in Aging, an interdisciplinary Open Access journal of the Gerontological Society of America (GSA), is dedicated to publishing innovative, conceptually robust, and methodologically rigorous research focused on aging and the life course. The journal aims to present studies with the potential to significantly enhance the health, functionality, and overall well-being of older adults by translating scientific insights into practical applications. Research published in the journal spans a variety of settings, including community, clinical, and laboratory contexts, with a clear emphasis on issues that are directly pertinent to aging and the dynamics of life over time. The content of the journal mirrors the diverse research interests of GSA members and encompasses a range of study types. These include the validation of new conceptual or theoretical models, assessments of factors impacting the health and well-being of older adults, evaluations of interventions and policies, the implementation of groundbreaking research methodologies, interdisciplinary research that adapts concepts and methods from other fields to aging studies, and the use of modeling and simulations to understand factors and processes influencing aging outcomes. The journal welcomes contributions from scholars across various disciplines, such as technology, engineering, architecture, economics, business, law, political science, public policy, education, public health, social and psychological sciences, biomedical and health sciences, and the humanities and arts, reflecting a holistic approach to advancing knowledge in gerontology.
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