Emergency interventions for massive haemoptysis: a pictorial overview of life-saving endovascular procedures.

Abstract

Massive haemoptysis is a medical emergency with high mortality if not promptly addressed. This pictorial essay aims to guide clinicians through the selection and execution of life-saving endovascular interventions tailored to the underlying vascular etiology. Emphasis is placed on clinical presentation, imaging clues, and procedural decision-making to enhance understanding among trainees and practicing radiologists. We present a curated series of cases of life-threatening haemoptysis managed with bronchial artery embolization (BAE), pulmonary artery embolization (PAE), embolization of acquired aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs), and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Each case is dissected to highlight the clinical scenario, angiographic findings, interventional technique, and outcome. Endovascular management of haemoptysis should be guided by the underlying etiology and vascular anatomy. A structured approach to imaging interpretation, selective angiography, and tailored endovascular management can drastically reduce mortality. This educational overview bridges the gap between diagnosis and intervention, reinforcing practical decision-making in pulmonary vascular emergencies.