European Climatology of Day-to-Day Surface Air Temperature Difference in Multiple Data Sets

IF 3.5 3区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Radan Huth, Tomáš Krauskopf
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Abstract

Substantial progress has been made in analyses of climate means and extremes, while much less has been done in understanding short-term (intraseasonal and synoptic-scale) variability. One particular aspect of short-term atmospheric variability is day-to-day temperature difference (DTD). Large DTDs negatively affect human health and also impact animals and plants, hence constituting one of the many weather-related risks to society. The main objectives of this study are to provide the climatology of statistical characteristics (distribution width, skewness and kurtosis) of DTD in Europe and compare DTD climatologies between five data sets (station observations, ECA&D; gridded observations, E-OBS; and reanalyses, NCEP/NCAR, JRA-55 and 20CR). DTD is largest in winter and smallest in summer; it tends to grow from the coast towards inland. Skewness is mostly negative in summer, whereas positive skewness prevails in winter with the exception of the British Isles and southeastern Europe. DTD distributions are leptokurtic (i.e., having kurtosis higher than Gaussian), with lower values of kurtosis prevailing in western Europe. Comparisons among data sets reveal their specific deficiencies, such as the existence of outlying unrealistic temperature values in station data that were not detected by quality check, the underestimation of the magnitude of DTD, particularly by the 20CR reanalysis, and overestimated skewness in the British Isles in winter by the reanalyses. The data set differing most from the others is the 20CR reanalysis, which exhibits substantial biases in skewness and kurtosis over large parts of Europe. On the other hand, the reanalysis most consistent with observations is JRA-55.

Abstract Image

多数据集逐日地表气温差异的欧洲气候学
在分析气候平均值和极端值方面已经取得了实质性进展,而在了解短期(季节内和天气尺度)变率方面所做的工作要少得多。短期大气变率的一个特殊方面是日温差(DTD)。大量的多氯联苯会对人类健康产生负面影响,也会影响动物和植物,因此构成了与天气有关的诸多社会风险之一。本研究的主要目的是提供欧洲DTD统计特征(分布宽度、偏度和峰度)的气候学,并比较5个数据集(台站观测、ECA&;D;栅格观测(E-OBS);再分析,NCEP/NCAR, JRA-55和20CR)。DTD在冬季最大,夏季最小;它倾向于从海岸向内陆生长。偏度在夏季大多为负,而除不列颠群岛和东南欧外,冬季偏度为正。DTD分布是细峰分布(即峰度高于高斯分布),在西欧普遍存在较低的峰度值。数据集之间的比较揭示了它们的具体缺陷,例如在质量检查中没有检测到台站数据中存在不切实际的外围温度值,低估了DTD的大小,特别是20CR再分析,以及再分析高估了不列颠群岛冬季的偏度。与其他数据集最不同的是20CR再分析,该数据集在欧洲大部分地区的偏度和峰度方面显示出明显的偏差。另一方面,与观测结果最一致的再分析是JRA-55。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Climatology
International Journal of Climatology 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
7.70%
发文量
417
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Climatology aims to span the well established but rapidly growing field of climatology, through the publication of research papers, short communications, major reviews of progress and reviews of new books and reports in the area of climate science. The Journal’s main role is to stimulate and report research in climatology, from the expansive fields of the atmospheric, biophysical, engineering and social sciences. Coverage includes: Climate system science; Local to global scale climate observations and modelling; Seasonal to interannual climate prediction; Climatic variability and climate change; Synoptic, dynamic and urban climatology, hydroclimatology, human bioclimatology, ecoclimatology, dendroclimatology, palaeoclimatology, marine climatology and atmosphere-ocean interactions; Application of climatological knowledge to environmental assessment and management and economic production; Climate and society interactions
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