Vertical reflection intensity, roughness, and tactile sensation of caries-inactive, caries-active and sound enamel surfaces: an in vitro study

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of dentistry Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105915

R.J. Wierichs , T.T. Werren , L. Jaruszewski , H. Meyer-Lueckel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

This study evaluated whether reflection intensity, roughness and tactile sensation differs between caries-inactive, caries-active and sound enamel surfaces.

Methods

Pooled permanent teeth were assessed using surface texture and color. Teeth with caries-inactive (C_i, n = 55), caries-active (C_a, n = 59) and sound (S, n = 13) vestibular or proximal surfaces were selected. Vertical reflection intensity (VRI) and roughness parameters, including mean linear (Ra), area-related (Sa) and volume-related (Vmc) of C_i, C_a and S were assessed using a multi-sensor microscope (MicroProf®100,FRT GmbH) with a conventional or an experimental handheld chromatic-confocal optic and a 3D-laser-scanning-microscope (VK-X110,Keyence). VRI and roughness values for caries-active surfaces were obtained from a previous study, while blinded tactile assessment for these surfaces was repeated. Two experienced examiners evaluated the tactile sensation using two explorers (405/CP11, S23H) (n = 20).

Results

For all roughness parameters significant differences between caries surfaces and adjacent sound surfaces on the same teeth could be observed (p ≤ 0.029, Wilcoxon). For VRI significant differences were only observed for caries-active surfaces (p < 0.001). Across C_i, C_a and S significant difference could be observed for all roughness parameters (p ≤ 0.012, Bonferroni) and VRI (p < 0.001), except for VRI between C_i and S (p ≥ 0.390). No significant difference in VRI was observed between both optics (p > 0.05, Bonferroni). The positive predictive value (PPV) differed between examiner 1 (S23H: C_i:30 %; C_a:83 %; S:97 %, 405CP11: C_i:27 %; C_a:74 %; S:91 %) and examiner 2 (S23H: C_i:20 %; C_a:72 %; S:84 %, 405CP11: C_i:23 %; C_a:68 %;S; 85 %).

Conclusion

Optical measurement and tactile methods revealed significant differences between active, inactive, and sound enamel surfaces. However, the diagnostic accuracy varied between explorers and examiners.

Clinical significance

Active, inactive, and sound enamel surfaces showed significant differences in roughness and reflection intensity. While both optical methods are not yet applicable intraorally, tactile assessment showed strong variabilities between examiners and dependence on the type of dental explorer used, especially when simulating non-visible areas.

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无龋、有龋和健全釉质表面的垂直反射强度、粗糙度和触觉：一项体外研究。

目的：本研究评估无龋、有龋和健全釉质表面的反射强度、粗糙度和触觉是否存在差异。方法：采用牙体表面纹理和牙体颜色评价组合恒牙。选择无龋（Ci, n=55）、有龋（Ca, n=59）和健全（S, n=13）的前庭或近端牙。垂直反射强度（VRI）和粗糙度参数，包括Ci、Ca和S的平均线性（Ra）、面积相关（Sa）和体积相关（Vmc），使用多传感器显微镜（MicroProf®100,FRT GmbH）、常规或实验手持式彩色共聚焦光学和3d激光扫描显微镜（VK-X110,Keyence）进行评估。从先前的研究中获得了龋齿活动表面的VRI和粗糙度值，同时对这些表面进行了盲法触觉评估。两名经验丰富的审查员使用两名探索者（405/CP11, S23H）评估触觉（n=20）。结果：对于所有粗糙度参数，同一牙齿上的龋面与相邻声面存在显著差异（p≤0.029,Wilcoxon）。对于VRI，仅在龋活性表面（pi， Ca和S）上观察到显著差异，所有粗糙度参数（p≤0.012,Bonferroni）和VRI （pi和S (p≥0.390)）均观察到显著差异。两种光学系统的VRI无显著差异（p < 0.05, Bonferroni）。阳性预测值（PPV）在审查员1 （S23H:Ci:30%;Ca:83%;S:97%; 405CP11:Ci:27%;Ca:74%;S:91%）和审查员2 （S23H:Ci:20%;Ca:72%;S:84%; 405CP11:Ci:23%;Ca:68%;S:85%）之间存在差异。结论：光学测量和触觉测量显示了活性、非活性和声音釉质表面的显著差异。然而，诊断的准确性在探索者和考官之间存在差异。临床意义：活跃、不活跃、健全的牙釉质表面粗糙度和反射强度有显著差异。虽然这两种光学方法尚不适用于口腔内，但触觉评估显示了检查者之间的强烈差异以及所使用的牙齿探索者类型的依赖性，特别是在模拟不可见区域时。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

11.40%

发文量

349

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Dentistry has an open access mirror journal The Journal of Dentistry: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The Journal of Dentistry is the leading international dental journal within the field of Restorative Dentistry. Placing an emphasis on publishing novel and high-quality research papers, the Journal aims to influence the practice of dentistry at clinician, research, industry and policy-maker level on an international basis. Topics covered include the management of dental disease, periodontology, endodontology, operative dentistry, fixed and removable prosthodontics, dental biomaterials science, long-term clinical trials including epidemiology and oral health, technology transfer of new scientific instrumentation or procedures, as well as clinically relevant oral biology and translational research. The Journal of Dentistry will publish original scientific research papers including short communications. It is also interested in publishing review articles and leaders in themed areas which will be linked to new scientific research. Conference proceedings are also welcome and expressions of interest should be communicated to the Editor.