Pengyu Fu;Yongjian Zhang;Mingzhe Hu;Ziheng Zhou;Hao Li;Yue Li
{"title":"Subwavelength 8 × 8 Butler Matrix With Pixel Metamaterial for Space Limited Systems","authors":"Pengyu Fu;Yongjian Zhang;Mingzhe Hu;Ziheng Zhou;Hao Li;Yue Li","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2025.3552854","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a subwavelength <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8\\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Butler matrix (BM) with inverse-designed pixel metamaterial is proposed for space limited systems. With inverse-designed metamaterial, the broadband asymmetric 3-dB couplers with arbitrary phase difference are constructed, which eliminates the space for phase delay lines in BM, significantly reducing the overall size. Finally, a prototype of the proposed BM is fabricated and measured, which exhibits a bandwidth of 21.6% by occupying a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.95\\lambda _{0}\\times 0.70\\lambda _{0}\\times 0.01\\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. With a subwavelength scale, the proposed ultracompact BM can be easily integrated with antenna array for applications in compact multibeam systems.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"35 6","pages":"642-645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10947171/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this letter, a subwavelength $8\times 8$ Butler matrix (BM) with inverse-designed pixel metamaterial is proposed for space limited systems. With inverse-designed metamaterial, the broadband asymmetric 3-dB couplers with arbitrary phase difference are constructed, which eliminates the space for phase delay lines in BM, significantly reducing the overall size. Finally, a prototype of the proposed BM is fabricated and measured, which exhibits a bandwidth of 21.6% by occupying a compact size of $0.95\lambda _{0}\times 0.70\lambda _{0}\times 0.01\lambda _{0}$ . With a subwavelength scale, the proposed ultracompact BM can be easily integrated with antenna array for applications in compact multibeam systems.