A Diabetes Self-Management Group to Promote Self-Efficacy in Clients with HIV in a Community Mental Health Setting: A Pilot Study.

Abstract

Diabetes self-management (DSM) interventions are essential for reducing health risks in individuals with HIV, a group with limited research on DSM strategies tailored to their needs. This pilot study evaluated the impact of an occupational therapy-based DSM group, using the REAL Diabetes program, on diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy in six clients living with HIV across six weekly two-hour sessions. Grounded in the Lifestyle Redesign® framework and self-efficacy theory, the intervention provided tailored support, addressing the unique challenges posed by HIV and comorbid mental health issues. Participation barriers, including mobility and transportation challenges, were observed, highlighting key considerations for engagement in DSM programs. Results indicated that 80% of participants experienced an increase in self-efficacy and diabetes knowledge after each session, though the change was not statistically significant. Due to the small sample size and lack of a control group, these findings are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution. Findings suggest that DSM interventions adapted to the needs of individuals living with HIV may enhance diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy, supporting occupational therapy's role in chronic disease management. Further research with larger samples and adaptations, such as flexible scheduling and virtual options, is recommended to optimize engagement and effectiveness in high-need populations.