National Insights Into Epidemiological Trends and Outcomes of Malignant Neoplasms of the Small Intestine: A Big Data Analysis

Abstract

Background

Few large-scale studies exist on within-country variations in the incidence, diagnosis, and mortality of small intestine malignancies. This study examined the epidemiological trends and outcomes of these cancers in South Korea.

Methods

We analyzed National Health Insurance Service claims data from 2005 to 2022 to identify newly diagnosed small intestine malignancies (ICD-10 code C17) and evaluated treatment modalities and diagnostic test usage. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models assessed survival outcomes and prognostic factors.

Results

We identified 20 395 newly diagnosed patients with small intestine malignancies. Incidence rose over the study period, with a temporary decline during COVID-19 in 2019–2020, followed by a sharp increase in 2021. The highest incidence was among individuals aged 60–69, particularly in regions with larger elderly populations. Diagnostic procedures increased from 3.27 per person in 2005 to 6.23 in 2022. Patients with advanced adenocarcinoma treated with chemotherapy had a 5-year survival rate of 23.8% (95% CI 21.7–25.8), while those with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated with imatinib had a rate of 75.5% (95% CI 73.4–77.6). Older age and lack of surgery were linked to poorer outcomes in both groups.

Conclusions

The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the small intestine has risen over time, likely due to enhanced diagnostic efforts, with regional variations highlighting the influence of demographic factors such as age. Improving survival outcomes requires a better understanding of these demographic factors and a stronger focus on early detection.