Statin-induced risk of diabetes does not reduce cardiovascular benefits in primary prevention: a 6-year propensity-score matched study in a large population.

Abstract

Background: The long-term risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in individuals who develop new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) after having received statin therapy in primary prevention is mostly unknown.

Methods: We designed a population-based cohort study in individuals without T2D and atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD), divided in two groups according to the presence or not of statin therapy. We also balanced the study groups for demographic and clinical factors using propensity score matching.

Results: 119307 individuals without T2D and ASCVD were divided in statin users (N = 90906) or not (N = 28401) and followed-up for 70.1 ± 61.3 months. Yearly incidence of T2D rate was 0.3% in the control group and 2.2% in the statin treated group. A Cox regression analysis confirmed the association between incident T2D and statin therapy. In normotensive individuals, the presence of statin therapy led to a 2-fold risk to develop incident T2D with a HR 2.61 (95% CI 2.11-3.22, p < 0.001) which was also that of statin untreated hypertensive patients. In the hypertensive population statin therapy was associated with a HR of incident T2D of 4.62 (95% CI 3.75-5.69, p < 0.001). CV events rate, including coronary and cerebrovascular fatal and non-fatal events, was 1.9% in the statin group vs. 0.7% in the control group and a multiple regression analysis demonstrated an association between statin therapy and CV events. A further Cox regression performed only in the statin treated population revealed a significant association of CV events with age, serum creatinine levels, and incident T2D. Of note, the increased rate of new-onset T2D associated with statin use does not modify the class of CV risk of this population. All these findings were confirmed at the propensity score matched analysis.

Conclusions: Statin therapy in primary prevention is associated with a higher risk of incident T2D, especially in hypertensive patients. However, since the final CV risk of those who develop T2D during statin treatment was lower than the one required for statin prescription according to the ESC guidelines, indicating that this phenomenon does not impair the benefit in CV prevention associated with the lipid lowering effect of statins.