Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches Incorporating Point-of-Care Antigen Testing-Case Series.

IF 1.7 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Clinics and Practice Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI:10.3390/clinpract15040070

Peter Mihalov, Simona Kovalíková, Karol Laktiš, Matej Bendžala, Peter Sabaka

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Abstract

Background: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a serious and potentially fatal complication of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) infection, often stemming from severe soft tissue infections. While uncommon, tonsillitis can also lead to STSS, with lethality rates reported as high as 70%.

Methods: We present three cases of patients diagnosed with tonsillitis who developed STSS. Point-of-care testing for GAS antigens was utilized to facilitate rapid diagnosis.

Results: In all three cases, the characteristic clinical presentations, including scarlatiniform rash, strawberry tongue, and signs of shock with multi-organ dysfunction, were observed. Microbiological evidence confirmed ongoing GAS infections, and point-of-care testing for GAS antigens assisted in the diagnosis of tonsillitis in conjunction with STSS, enabling timely treatment interventions.

Conclusions: Rapid diagnosis is crucial for the optimal management of STSS. The point-of-care testing for GAS may be useful for diagnosing STSS associated with tonsillitis.

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链球菌中毒性休克综合征：诊断和治疗方法纳入护理点抗原检测-病例系列。

背景：链球菌中毒性休克综合征（STSS）是侵袭性化脓性链球菌（a群链球菌，GAS）感染的一种严重且可能致命的并发症，通常源于严重的软组织感染。虽然不常见，但扁桃体炎也可导致STSS，据报道死亡率高达70%。方法：我们报告3例诊断为扁桃体炎并发STSS的患者。利用即时检测GAS抗原来促进快速诊断。结果：3例患者均有特征性临床表现，包括猩红肿样皮疹、草莓舌和多器官功能障碍的休克征象。微生物学证据证实了持续的气体感染，气体抗原的护理点检测有助于诊断扁桃体炎和STSS，从而能够及时进行治疗干预。结论：快速诊断是优化STSS治疗的关键。GAS的即时检测可能对扁桃体炎相关STSS的诊断有用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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