{"title":"The Role of Metacaspases and Other Proteins Involved in the Apoptosis of <i>Leishmania:</i> Review Article.","authors":"Maryam Aghaei, Shahrzad Aghaei, Zabihollah Shahmoradi, Seyed Hossein Hejazi","doi":"10.18502/ijpa.v20i1.18100","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apoptosis, a determined form of programmed cell death (PCD), occurs in multi-cellular and single-celled organisms. Given that a general understanding of apoptosis in single-cell <i>Leishmania</i> is crucial for designing disease control policies, we reviewed the apoptosis mechanism and the proteins involved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The information was obtained from articles published in PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases (1998-2021). Search terms used were\" apoptosis\" or\" Leishmaniasis\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 77 subjects were included in the study that revealed the significance of the apoptosis process for <i>Leishmania</i> survival. Although, various stimuli induce <i>Leishmania</i> apoptosis, the proteins involved in apoptosis have been poorly understood. Metacaspases in <i>Leishmania</i> instead of caspase and death receptors in mammals play the same role in the PCD pathways. Also, other apoptotic proteins in <i>Leishmania</i> such as endonuclease G (EndoG), caspases- like cysteine proteases, TSN (Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease), and Zinnia endonuclease 1 (ZEN1) lead to phenotype similar to mammalian apoptosis. Furthermore, there are differences in these mechanisms between the different species of <i>Leishmania</i> and studies to illustrate downstream events related to the serine phosphatidylcholine exposure, cytochrome C secretion, etc. remain an ongoing challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Determining the essential regulatory proteins in the <i>Leishmania</i> apoptosis and the specific present of metacaspases in parasite, is effective for designing new therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14669,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978213/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v20i1.18100","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Apoptosis, a determined form of programmed cell death (PCD), occurs in multi-cellular and single-celled organisms. Given that a general understanding of apoptosis in single-cell Leishmania is crucial for designing disease control policies, we reviewed the apoptosis mechanism and the proteins involved.
Methods: The information was obtained from articles published in PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases (1998-2021). Search terms used were" apoptosis" or" Leishmaniasis".
Results: The 77 subjects were included in the study that revealed the significance of the apoptosis process for Leishmania survival. Although, various stimuli induce Leishmania apoptosis, the proteins involved in apoptosis have been poorly understood. Metacaspases in Leishmania instead of caspase and death receptors in mammals play the same role in the PCD pathways. Also, other apoptotic proteins in Leishmania such as endonuclease G (EndoG), caspases- like cysteine proteases, TSN (Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease), and Zinnia endonuclease 1 (ZEN1) lead to phenotype similar to mammalian apoptosis. Furthermore, there are differences in these mechanisms between the different species of Leishmania and studies to illustrate downstream events related to the serine phosphatidylcholine exposure, cytochrome C secretion, etc. remain an ongoing challenge.
Conclusion: Determining the essential regulatory proteins in the Leishmania apoptosis and the specific present of metacaspases in parasite, is effective for designing new therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis and vaccine development.
期刊介绍:
Iranian Journal of Parasitology (IJP) is the official publication of Iranian Society of Parasitology (ISP) launched in 2006. The society was inaugurated in 1994 and pursues the improvement of the knowledge on the parasites and parasitic diseases, exchange of scientific knowledge with foreign societies, publicity activities, and consultation on the parasitic diseases, and intimate relationship among society members.
The main aims of the Journal are: contribution to the field of Parasitology, including all aspects of parasites and parasitic diseases (medical and veterinary) and related fields such as Entomology which may be submitted by scientists from Iran and all over the world.