Admissions and Deaths Due to Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction in the State of Minas Gerais: Analysis of Time Series

Abstract

Objectives

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for nearly one-third of the deaths in Brazil. Time-series studies help evaluate the effectiveness of prevention strategies and assist in health planning. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective temporal analysis, considering sex and comorbidities, of hospitalizations and deaths due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) among adults over 20 years of age in Minas Gerais from 2016 to 2022.

Methods

The data were obtained from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System. Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous variables models were created to evaluate seasonal components and/or interventions in the time series of deaths.

Results

We recorded a total of 90 670 hospitalizations due to AMI, with a case fatality rate of 0.085, and 178 477 hospitalizations due to HF, with a case fatality rate of 0.100. Men predominantly experienced AMI, whereas women predominantly experienced HF. We found that winter periods correlated with an increase in hospitalizations due to AMI and HF. We observed that hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases were associated with a higher risk of CVD. During the pandemic, we observed a reduction in hospitalizations due to CVDs. In September 2020, we observed a significant increase in male deaths due to AMI. Among women, we found an inverse relationship between hospitalizations for AIDS and deaths from HF. Hospitalizations due to HF decreased over time, whereas those for AMI increased.

Conclusions

Respiratory diseases were associated with an increased risk of CVD. Winter periods showed an increase in hospitalizations for AMI and HF.