C-parity, magnetic monopoles, and higher frequency gravitational waves

IF 5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Physical Review D Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI:10.1103/physrevd.111.075027

Rinku Maji, Qaisar Shafi

{"title":"C-parity, magnetic monopoles, and higher frequency gravitational waves","authors":"Rinku Maji, Qaisar Shafi","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.075027","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We consider the spontaneous breaking of S</a:mi>O</a:mi>(</a:mo>10</a:mn>)</a:mo></a:math> grand unified symmetry to the left-right symmetric model <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>S</e:mi><e:mi>U</e:mi><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</e:mo><e:mn>3</e:mn><e:msub><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</e:mo><e:mi>c</e:mi></e:msub><e:mo>×</e:mo><e:mi>S</e:mi><e:mi>U</e:mi><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</e:mo><e:mn>3</e:mn><e:msub><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</e:mo><e:mi>L</e:mi></e:msub><e:mo>×</e:mo><e:mi>S</e:mi><e:mi>U</e:mi><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</e:mo><e:mn>2</e:mn><e:msub><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</e:mo><e:mi>R</e:mi></e:msub><e:mo>×</e:mo><e:mi>U</e:mi><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</e:mo><e:mn>1</e:mn><e:msub><e:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</e:mo><e:mrow><e:mi>B</e:mi><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mi>L</e:mi></e:mrow></e:msub></e:math> with C-parity also unbroken [<o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:mi>C</o:mi></o:math> converts <q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><q:mi>Q</q:mi><q:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</q:mo><q:mo>−</q:mo><q:mi>Q</q:mi></q:math>, where <t:math xmlns:t=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><t:mi>Q</t:mi></t:math> is the electric charge operator in <v:math xmlns:v=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><v:mi>S</v:mi><v:mi>O</v:mi><v:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</v:mo><v:mn>10</v:mn><v:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</v:mo></v:math>.] This breaking produces the topologically stable grand unified theory (GUT) monopole as well as a GUT scale C-string. The subsequent breaking at an intermediate scale of C-parity produces domain walls bounded by C-strings, found by Kibble A limited number of inflationary <z:math xmlns:z=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><z:mi>e</z:mi></z:math>-foldings experienced during these breakings can yield an observable number density of primordial GUT monopoles. The C-strings also experience this inflationary phase, and the subsequent string-wall network decays through the emission of gravitational waves. We estimate the gravitational wave spectrum from these composite structures over a range of values of the domain wall tension <bb:math xmlns:bb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><bb:mi>σ</bb:mi></bb:math>. Depending on <db:math xmlns:db=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><db:mi>σ</db:mi></db:math> the spectrum displays a peak in the higher frequency range between <fb:math xmlns:fb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><fb:msup><fb:mn>10</fb:mn><fb:mn>2</fb:mn></fb:msup></fb:math> and <hb:math xmlns:hb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><hb:mrow><hb:msup><hb:mn>10</hb:mn><hb:mn>5</hb:mn></hb:msup><hb:mtext> </hb:mtext><hb:mtext> </hb:mtext><hb:mi>Hz</hb:mi></hb:mrow></hb:math>. Published by the American Physical Society 2025 ","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical Review D","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.075027","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Physics and Astronomy","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

We consider the spontaneous breaking of SO(10) grand unified symmetry to the left-right symmetric model SU(3)c×SU(3)L×SU(2)R×U(1)B−L with C-parity also unbroken [C converts Q→−Q, where Q is the electric charge operator in SO(10).] This breaking produces the topologically stable grand unified theory (GUT) monopole as well as a GUT scale C-string. The subsequent breaking at an intermediate scale of C-parity produces domain walls bounded by C-strings, found by Kibble A limited number of inflationary e-foldings experienced during these breakings can yield an observable number density of primordial GUT monopoles. The C-strings also experience this inflationary phase, and the subsequent string-wall network decays through the emission of gravitational waves. We estimate the gravitational wave spectrum from these composite structures over a range of values of the domain wall tension σ. Depending on σ the spectrum displays a peak in the higher frequency range between 102 and 105 Hz.

Published by the American Physical Society

2025

查看原文本刊更多论文

c宇称、磁单极子和高频引力波

我们考虑SO（10）大统一对称的自发破缺到左右对称模型SU(3)c×SU(3)L×SU(2)R×U(1)具有C宇称的B−L也未破缺[C转换为Q→−Q，其中Q是SO（10）中的电荷算符。这种断裂产生了拓扑稳定的大统一理论（GUT）单极子以及GUT尺度的c弦。随后在c宇称的中等尺度上的破断产生以c弦为界的畴壁。在这些破断期间经历的有限数量的暴胀电子折叠可以产生可观测到的原始GUT单极子的密度。c弦也经历了这个膨胀阶段，随后的弦-壁网络通过发射引力波而衰减。我们在一定范围的畴壁张力σ范围内估计了这些复合结构的引力波谱。根据σ的不同，频谱在102和105 Hz之间的较高频率范围内显示一个峰值。2025年由美国物理学会出版

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Physical Review D 物理-天文与天体物理

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

36.00%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Physical Review D (PRD) is a leading journal in elementary particle physics, field theory, gravitation, and cosmology and is one of the top-cited journals in high-energy physics. PRD covers experimental and theoretical results in all aspects of particle physics, field theory, gravitation and cosmology, including: Particle physics experiments, Electroweak interactions, Strong interactions, Lattice field theories, lattice QCD, Beyond the standard model physics, Phenomenological aspects of field theory, general methods, Gravity, cosmology, cosmic rays, Astrophysics and astroparticle physics, General relativity, Formal aspects of field theory, field theory in curved space, String theory, quantum gravity, gauge/gravity duality.