Advances and challenges in cancer immunotherapy: Strategies for personalized treatment

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY

Seminars in oncology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI:10.1016/j.seminoncol.2025.152345

Mahir Azmal, Md. Munna Miah, Fatema Sultana Prima, Jibon Kumar Paul, ANM Shah Newaz Been Haque, Ajit Ghosh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed oncology by harnessing the immune system to specifically target cancer cells, offering reduced systemic toxicity compared to traditional therapies. This review highlights key strategies, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viral (OV) therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and mRNA-based vaccines. ACT reinfuses enhanced immune cells like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to combat refractory cancers, while checkpoint inhibitors (eg, PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockers) restore T-cell activity. OV therapy uses engineered viruses (eg, T-VEC) to selectively lyse cancer cells, and advanced mAbs improve targeting precision. mRNA vaccines introduce tumor-specific antigens to trigger robust immune responses. Despite significant progress, challenges like immune-related side effects, high costs, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments persist. This review underscores the need for combination strategies and precision medicine to overcome these barriers and maximize the potential of immunotherapy in personalized cancer treatment.

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癌症免疫治疗的进展与挑战：个性化治疗策略

与传统疗法相比，癌症免疫疗法通过利用免疫系统特异性靶向癌细胞，降低了全身毒性，从而改变了肿瘤学。这篇综述强调了关键策略，包括过继细胞转移（ACT）、免疫检查点抑制剂、溶瘤病毒（OV）治疗、单克隆抗体（mab）和基于mrna的疫苗。ACT重新注入增强的免疫细胞，如肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（til），以对抗难治性癌症，而检查点抑制剂（如PD-1和CTLA-4阻滞剂）恢复t细胞活性。OV疗法使用工程病毒（如T-VEC）选择性地裂解癌细胞，先进的单克隆抗体提高靶向精度。mRNA疫苗引入肿瘤特异性抗原以触发强大的免疫反应。尽管取得了重大进展，但免疫相关副作用、高成本和免疫抑制肿瘤微环境等挑战仍然存在。这篇综述强调需要联合策略和精准医学来克服这些障碍，并最大限度地发挥免疫治疗在个性化癌症治疗中的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Seminars in oncology 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

104 days

期刊介绍： Seminars in Oncology brings you current, authoritative, and practical reviews of developments in the etiology, diagnosis and management of cancer. Each issue examines topics of clinical importance, with an emphasis on providing both the basic knowledge needed to better understand a topic as well as evidence-based opinions from leaders in the field. Seminars in Oncology also seeks to be a venue for sharing a diversity of opinions including those that might be considered "outside the box". We welcome a healthy and respectful exchange of opinions and urge you to approach us with your insights as well as suggestions of topics that you deem worthy of coverage. By helping the reader understand the basic biology and the therapy of cancer as they learn the nuances from experts, all in a journal that encourages the exchange of ideas we aim to help move the treatment of cancer forward.