Imaging of pseudoaneurysms: Key diagnostic findings, causes and complications

Abstract

Pseudoaneurysms are common vascular lesions that result as a complication of endovascular interventions, trauma, surgery, inflammatory and tumour processes. They can originate in thoracoabdominal or peripheral visceral arteries. Computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) is the imaging technique of choice for diagnostic confirmation, assessment of complications and therapeutic planning. Doppler ultrasound is initially used in accessible peripheral arteries. The complications of pseudoaneurysms can be potentially serious, mainly their rupture, so their early diagnosis and differentiation from other pathologies is essential to guide treatment. The objective of this manuscript is to represent the image of the pseudoaneurysm in different locations according to its etiology, as well as to review the imaging techniques, study protocols and diagnostic keys. Its complications will be discussed, paying special attention to those that require an emergent therapeutic attitude.