Implementation of SAMPL Guidelines: recommendations for improving statistical reporting in biomedical journals.

Abstract

The quality of statistical reporting in biomedical journals remains insufficient despite the introduction of SAMPL Guidelines in 2015. These guidelines aim to improve clarity and accuracy but are underutilized by authors and editorial boards. Common deficiencies include unclear descriptions of statistical test purposes, inadequate reporting of effect sizes, poor analysis of assumptions, and limited consideration of outliers. Addressing these challenges requires broader adoption of SAMPL recommendations, improved statistical literacy among researchers and editors, and stronger editorial oversight. To enhance transparency and reliability in biomedical research, the SAMPL Guidelines should become standard practice, supported by targeted training and clear guidance for authors.