Circulating tumor DNA to monitor treatment response in solid tumors and advance precision oncology.

Abstract

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a dynamic biomarker in cancer, as evidenced by its increasing integration into clinical practice. Carrying tumor specific characteristics, ctDNA can be used to inform treatment selection, monitor response, and identify drug resistance. In this review, we provide a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of ctDNA in monitoring treatment response with a focus on lung, colorectal, and breast cancers, and discuss current challenges and future directions.