Digital twins-enabled game theoretical models and techniques for metaverse Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: A survey

Abstract

The popularity of information and communication technology in automobiles has led to the next generation of smart vehicles known as Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). The advent of the CAVs has rapidly emerged as an essential component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) due to the usage of advanced technologies for autonomous navigation, sensing, and improved vehicle safety. Moreover, during this era, Metaverse, often known as an embodied version of the Internet, aims to create a fully immersive and self-sustaining virtual shared space where individuals can live and interact through digital avatars. Recent technological breakthroughs like Web 3.0, 6G networks, extended reality, artificial intelligence, edge computing, and blockchain propel the Metaverse from science fiction to a near-future reality. Moreover, an integral component enabling this transformation is Digital Twins (DTs), which play an essential role in establishing the communication link between the two realms. This article comprehensively analyzes a detailed assessment of the CAVs-assisted Digital Twin-enabled game theoretical models and techniques used in CAVs Metaverse. Moreover, we explore the decentralized and autonomous nature of blockchain technology, making it an ideal platform for CAVs for securing financial transactions in the Metaverse, fostering trust and authenticity. Finally, we discuss open issues and future research opportunities for Digital Twin-enabled CAV Metaverse systems.