Advanced TiO₂-Based Photocatalytic Systems for Water Splitting: Comprehensive Review from Fundamentals to Manufacturing.

IF 4.2 2区化学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecules Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI:10.3390/molecules30051127

Tarek Ahasan, E M N Thiloka Edirisooriya, Punhasa S Senanayake, Pei Xu, Huiyao Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The global imperative for clean energy solutions has positioned photocatalytic water splitting as a promising pathway for sustainable hydrogen production. This review comprehensively analyzes recent advances in TiO₂-based photocatalytic systems, focusing on materials engineering, water source effects, and scale-up strategies. We recognize the advancements in nanoscale architectural design, the engineered heterojunction of catalysts, and cocatalyst integration, which have significantly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. Particular emphasis is placed on the crucial role of water chemistry in photocatalytic system performance, analyzing how different water sources-from wastewater to seawater-impact hydrogen evolution rates and system stability. Additionally, the review addresses key challenges in scaling up these systems, including the optimization of reactor design, light distribution, and mass transfer. Recent developments in artificial intelligence-driven materials discovery and process optimization are discussed, along with emerging opportunities in bio-hybrid systems and CO₂ reduction coupling. Through critical analysis, we identify the fundamental challenges and propose strategic research directions for advancing TiO₂-based photocatalytic technology toward practical implementation. This work will provide a comprehensive framework for exploring advanced TiO₂-based composite materials and developing efficient and scalable photocatalytic systems for multifunctional simultaneous hydrogen production.

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来源期刊

Molecules 化学-有机化学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

8.70%

发文量

7524

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049, CODEN: MOLEFW) is an open access journal of synthetic organic chemistry and natural product chemistry. All articles are peer-reviewed and published continously upon acceptance. Molecules is published by MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Our aim is to encourage chemists to publish as much as possible their experimental detail, particularly synthetic procedures and characterization information. There is no restriction on the length of the experimental section. In addition, availability of compound samples is published and considered as important information. Authors are encouraged to register or deposit their chemical samples through the non-profit international organization Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI). Molecules has been launched in 1996 to preserve and exploit molecular diversity of both, chemical information and chemical substances.