Willingness of Recreational Anglers to Modify Hook and Bait Choices for Sea Turtle Conservation in Mobile Bay, Alabama, Gulf of Mexico

Abstract

Saltwater angling is a culturally significant and economically vital coastal recreational activity, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico that attracts enthusiasts worldwide and contributes significantly to the well-being of Gulf Coast communities. However, angling can threaten ecologically important species, notably sea turtles, which are federally protected under the Endangered Species Act. In commercial fisheries, using circle hooks over traditional “J” hooks and using specific bait types can reduce sea turtle bycatch and fishing gear interactions. However, angler willingness to use these techniques is unknown. Our study aimed to assess the willingness of recreational anglers to adopt tackle modifications to support sea turtle conservation. A mixed-mode survey was used to gather data on angler knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes toward sea turtle conservation. Generalized linear models were used to examine factors associated with angler willingness to adopt sea turtle-friendly practices. Factors such as gender, state residency, recreational and fishing motivations, and ecological knowledge influenced angler willingness to adopt sea turtle-friendly tackle modifications. We conclude that conservation strategies and educational outreach must be tailored to specific fishery management objectives.