Stocking Filter-Feeder in Fed Fish Aquaculture Pond: Unexpected Aggravation of Nitrous Oxide Emission

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123475

Jun-Nan Huang, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Bin Wen, Zhuo-Nan Wang, Jian-Zhong Gao, Zai-Zhong Chen

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Abstract

Intensive farming of fed fish could produce large amounts of uneaten feed and feces, potentially leading to increased nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Filter-feeding fish can ingest residual feed and feces, but it is unclear whether introducing them into fed fish farming ponds could reduce N₂O emissions. This study employed monoculture of fed largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, LB) and polyculture of LB with filter-feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, SC) at density ratios of 18:1, 9:1 and 4.5:1 to compare the N₂O emission characteristics. The results showed that silver carp could indeed feed on largemouth bass feces, and isotope mixing model indicated that feces was the second largest contributor to the food of silver carp, reaching 14.75%-15.56%. However, polyculture of the two species did not or even increased N₂O emission flux at water-air interface and its release potential in sediment. Increased mineralization, nitrification and denitrification rates were observed in polyculture systems, particularly at high stocking densities of silver carp. Also, the higher NH₄⁺ accumulation were found across sediment-water interface within polyculture systems. Metagenome revealed that polyculture disturbed the microbial community structure and increased the abundance of Burkholderiales and Steroidobacteraceae. Moreover, polyculture increased the abundance of nitrogen-cycling functional genes, including gdhA, hao, nirB and norB, potentially contributing to the elevated N₂O emissions. Structural equation model highlighted that polyculture of largemouth bass and silver carp could drive N₂O emissions, mainly through increased sedimental NH₄⁺ concentration and microbial activity. These findings indicate that the introduction of extractive filter-feeding fish into fed fish farming ponds could not reduce N₂O emissions, implying the need for optimized management strategies to balance aquaculture productivity with environmental sustainability.

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.