Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in Horses After the 2021 Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Myeloencephalopathy, Valencia, Spain

IF 2.1 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES
María de la Cuesta-Torrado, Ana Velloso Alvarez, Isabel Santiago-Llorente, Lara Armengou, Federico Nieto, José Ríos, Fátima Cruz-López, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras
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Abstract

Background

Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a persistent threat to horses, with unclear risk factors and disease severity.

Objectives

To evaluate risk factors, effective reproduction rate (Rt), and long-term athletic outcomes of an EHM outbreak.

Methods

Retrospective study of the 2021 EHM outbreak in Valencia, Spain, examining associations between risk factors (sex, age, breed, country of origin, and vaccination status) and case fatality rate, EHM development, and odds of returning to competition using odds ratios [95% CI] and Rt via the Robert Kochs Institute method.

Results

Among 191 horses, 38 (20%) were clinically normal, 13 (7%) were subclinical, and 140 (73%) presented clinical signs (89 EHM, 64%). One hundred sixty horses were isolated at the show, while 47 were treated in hospitals. The mean age was 9.8 ± 3.0 years; 85 (45%) were mares, 79 (41%) geldings, and 27 (14%) stallions. The EHM case fatality rate was 11/89 (12%). Vaccination was associated with EHM development (4.54[2.23–9.27]; OR[95% CI]; p < 0.001) and case fatality rate (3.9[1.1–14.4]; OR[95% CI]; p < 0.043). EHV-1-infected horses without EHM were more likely to return to competition (54/61; 89%) than those recovering from EHM (65/89; 73%; p = 0.024). It was initially 4.2 and decreased to < 1 within 2 weeks of the outbreak.

Conclusions

During the 2021 EHV-1 outbreak in Valencia, vaccination status appears to be associated with EHM development. Horses recovering from EHM had slightly lower chances of returning to competition than those shedding EHV-1 without EHM. The high Rt value underscores the contagious nature of EHV-1.

Abstract Image

西班牙瓦伦西亚2021年马疱疹病毒1型髓脑病爆发后马的危险因素和长期结果
马疱疹病毒髓脑病(EHM)是对马的持续威胁,危险因素和疾病严重程度尚不清楚。目的评价EHM暴发的危险因素、有效繁殖率(Rt)和长期运动预后。方法回顾性研究2021年西班牙瓦伦西亚爆发的EHM疫情,通过罗伯特科赫斯研究所的方法,使用比值比[95% CI]和Rt,检查危险因素(性别、年龄、品种、原产国和疫苗接种状况)与病死率、EHM发展和重返竞争的几率之间的关系。结果191匹马中,临床正常38匹(20%),亚临床13匹(7%),出现临床症状140匹(73%)(EHM 89匹,64%)。有160匹马在展会上被隔离,47匹马在医院接受治疗。平均年龄9.8±3.0岁;母马85匹(45%),阉马79匹(41%),种马27匹(14%)。EHM病死率为11/89(12%)。接种疫苗与EHM发生相关(4.54[2.23-9.27];或(95%置信区间);P < 0.001)和病死率(3.9[1.1-14.4];或(95%置信区间);p < 0.043)。感染ehv -1但没有EHM的马更有可能重返赛场(54/61;89%)高于EHM恢复期(65/89;73%;p = 0.024)。最初为4.2,在疫情爆发后两周内降至1。结论:在2021年巴伦西亚暴发的EHV-1期间,疫苗接种状况似乎与EHM的发展有关。从EHM中恢复的马匹重返比赛的机会略低于那些没有EHM的EHV-1。高Rt值表明EHV-1具有传染性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
11.50%
发文量
243
审稿时长
22 weeks
期刊介绍: The mission of the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine is to advance veterinary medical knowledge and improve the lives of animals by publication of authoritative scientific articles of animal diseases.
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