Porcine GM-CSF and APS as a novel complex immunostimulant improves the immune effect of pseudorabies inactivated vaccine

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY

Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110453

Peng Chen , Wuchao Zhang , Yanan Cui , Maoyuan Sun , Xiaofeng Dong , Wei Li , Mandi Liu , Baishi Lei , Yu Lu , Wanzhe Yuan , Kuan Zhao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Currently, pseudorabies (PR) is mainly controlled with attenuated and inactivated vaccines. In the case of inactivated vaccines, immunostimulants play a crucial role in triggering the host immune response. In this study, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and astragalus polysaccharide (APS) were investigated as a novel complex immunostimulant in inactivated PR vaccine. The findings indicated that neither porcine GM-CSF (pGM-CSF) nor APS exhibited any cytotoxic effect on cells. In addition, the PR vaccine+pGM-CSF+APS group exhibited higher levels of PRV-specific gB and neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, the group treated with pGM-CSF+APS immunostimulants demonstrated a notable increase in the production of IL-4, IL-10, IL-2, IFN-γ. After PRV challenge, the PR vaccine with pGM-CSF and APS alleviated clinical symptoms and reduced mortality. Additionally, the complex immunostimulant group showed a lower viral DNA copy number in various tissues compared to the PR vaccine alone group, as well as the groups treated with PR vaccine+pGM-CSF and PR vaccine+APS. Moreover, mice challenged with PRV in the PR Vaccine+pGM-CSF+APS group reduced substantial tissue lesions than other groups. These results demonstrate the potential of pGM-CSF and APS when used together as complex immunostimulant to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses to inactivated vaccines, providing novel perspectives for the further development of immunostimulants.

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来源期刊

Veterinary microbiology 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

221

审稿时长

52 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Microbiology is concerned with microbial (bacterial, fungal, viral) diseases of domesticated vertebrate animals (livestock, companion animals, fur-bearing animals, game, poultry, fish) that supply food, other useful products or companionship. In addition, Microbial diseases of wild animals living in captivity, or as members of the feral fauna will also be considered if the infections are of interest because of their interrelation with humans (zoonoses) and/or domestic animals. Studies of antimicrobial resistance are also included, provided that the results represent a substantial advance in knowledge. Authors are strongly encouraged to read - prior to submission - the Editorials (''Scope or cope'' and ''Scope or cope II'') published previously in the journal. The Editors reserve the right to suggest submission to another journal for those papers which they feel would be more appropriate for consideration by that journal. Original research papers of high quality and novelty on aspects of control, host response, molecular biology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of microbial diseases of animals are published. Papers dealing primarily with immunology, epidemiology, molecular biology and antiviral or microbial agents will only be considered if they demonstrate a clear impact on a disease. Papers focusing solely on diagnostic techniques (such as another PCR protocol or ELISA) will not be published - focus should be on a microorganism and not on a particular technique. Papers only reporting microbial sequences, transcriptomics data, or proteomics data will not be considered unless the results represent a substantial advance in knowledge. Drug trial papers will be considered if they have general application or significance. Papers on the identification of microorganisms will also be considered, but detailed taxonomic studies do not fall within the scope of the journal. Case reports will not be published, unless they have general application or contain novel aspects. Papers of geographically limited interest, which repeat what had been established elsewhere will not be considered. The readership of the journal is global.