Chronic complications of type 2 diabetes and associated factors: a cross-sectional study at the Moulay Hassan Hospital in Kenitra, Morocco.

Abstract

Introduction: all around the world, type 2 diabetes is considered a metabolic disease that generates complications that can be very serious, even fatal, over time, especially if not properly managed. Clinical and biological parameters in blood glucose levels will be assessed in this study (N=300 patients). We assess the prevalence of complications caused by diabetes including diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes is an incurred disease, but it can be managed. Self-therapeutic education is therefore imperative and highly recommended.

Methods: this study was carried out at the Moulay Hassan Hospital in Kenitra (Morocco) using a self-administered questionnaire targeting chronic complications caused by diabetes. Descriptive statistical analysis was followed to determine frequencies and percentages for complications and we carried out univariable and multivariable regression analysis to determine factors associated with complications.

Results: the study highlights clinical and bioclinical features. Mean age of patients (58.51±13.11 year with standard deviation: 13,113), hypertension (45.7%), glycemia (1.85±0.64 g/l), HbA1c (8.09±1.7%), BMI (26.44±3.4 kg/m²) and chronic complications (41.7%) including retinopathy (16%), nephropathy (4%), neuropathy (3.3%), cardiovascular diseases (16.7%) and amnesia (2%). There was mainly a statistical difference between complications and HTA: (AOR=2.43 (1.52-3.89) (CI=95%) (p=0.000), chronic complications and smoking: (AOR=0.16) (0.04-0.61) (CI=95%) (p=0.007), complications and physical activity: (AOR=3,34) (1.34-7.24) (CI=95%) (p=0.014) and complications and lipid profile: (AOR=4.95) (2.79-8.77) (CI=95%) (p=0.001).

Conclusion: therapeutic education of type 2 patients with diabetes remains highly recommended, as it improves compliance with non-pharmacological treatment, especially hygienic-dietary measures, and physical activity, and limits the early onset of complications associated with diabetes.