Reversible modulation of fluorescence and photochromism based on multi-luminescence modes for X-ray visual detection

Abstract

Inorganic photochromism has garnered significant attention for its exceptional X-ray responsiveness. However, achieving the detection and imaging of high-efficiency X-ray radiation under multiple luminescence modes, both qualitatively and visually, within a single matrix material remains a significant challenge. Here, we prepared Na_0.5Bi_2.5Nb₂O₉ materials doped with various rare earth elements and systematically investigate their X-ray-induced photochromic and photoluminescent reversible regulation behaviors. Under the down-transfer luminescence mode, the Na_0.5Bi_2.5Nb₂O₉:Eu³⁺ exhibited the favorable photochromic properties (36.53%) and highest X-ray fluorescence modulation (80.21%), demonstrating great potential for X-ray detection and imaging. This work provides a new perspective for the selection of X-ray multifunctional materials in both bright and dark fields.