The substrate configuration influences pollutant removal in constructed wetlands: from the aspects of submerged status of substrate and carbon-felt distribution

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123396

Xiang-Zheng Li, Tong Wang, Ting Yang, Xue Li, Lin-Wei Wu, Lin-Lan Zhuang, Jian Zhang

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Abstract

Redox regulation dominates the pollutant removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). To enhance efficient and cost-effective nitrogen removal, this study intended to build an unsaturated zone and add carbon-felt material for electron donor/acceptor adjustment. The unsaturated zone heights (0, 10, 20 cm) and carbon-felt distribution patterns (evenly scattered (CW_SE), continuously linked (CW_L), and head-tail linked like microbial fuel cells (CW_MFC)) were simultaneously adjusted. Moreover, their effects and underlying microbial mechanisms on water purification were investigated. Results indicated that CWs with a 20 cm unsaturated zone achieved over 99% ammonia nitrogen removal. CW_SE facilitated optimal pollutant-microbe contact, enabling efficient in-situ electron utilization for 64.27% total nitrogen removal through simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and anammox. In CW_L, continuous carbon-felt distribution allowed efficient electron transport at a relatively macro-area and enhanced electron consumption by oxygen at the surface, leading to superior ammonia oxidation (82.97%) in the middle area of CW_L. Conversely, CW_MFC facilitated direct electron transfer through the whole CW, enriched Geobacter at the top and Vibrio at the bottom, achieving 84.23% total nitrogen removal through nitrification-denitrification under high oxygenation. This study elucidated microbial community niche differentiation in CWs mediated by carbon-felt electron transport and proposed optimal application scenarios for different carbon-felt configurations.

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.