Effects of nocturnal boundary layer subsidence and long-distance transports on PM2.5 vertical profiles in the Yangtze River Delta of China measured by PM sensor on unmanned aerial vehicle and PM Lidar

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125935

Lang Chen, Haonan Xu, Riyang Huang, Xiaobing Pang, Baozhen Wang, Zhentao Wu, Shaocai Yu

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Abstract

Atmospheric boundary layer structures and long-distance transports significantly affect fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) vertical profiles. In this study, the PM_2.5 vertical profiles in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China were measured by PM sensor on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and PM Lidar in 2022 (April, June, October) and 2023 (February). The results showed that the PM_2.5 vertical profiles appeared obvious stratification on the top of nocturnal boundary layer (NBL). The NBL subsidence stabilized the boundary layer structure and inhibited the vertical diffusion of PM_2.5, increasing the ground PM_2.5 concentrations. However, when there was an active turbulent motion during the NBL subsidence, the PM_2.5 from the surface might be transported upward. The PM_2.5 vertical mean concentrations (0-500 m) in the YRD decreased by 58-95% within 3 hours, which might be caused by the rapid shift of long-distance transport sources from the North China Plain to the Yellow Sea with higher wind speeds according to backward trajectory. When the ambient PM_2.5 concentrations were high (>20 μg·m^-3) and the weather was clear, the PM Lidar could also observe the diurnal variations of PM_2.5 vertical profiles (200-500 m) like the PM sensor on UAV. However, there were differences in the PM_2.5 vertical concentrations, and the differences of PM_2.5 vertical mean concentrations (200-500 m) measured by the two methods in different seasons were 2.2-13.6 μg·m^-3. When the PM_2.5 concentrations were lower than 17 μg·m^-3, the measurement performance of PM Lidar was significantly lower than those of the PM sensor on UAV.

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大气边界层结构和长距离输送对细颗粒物（PM2.5）垂直剖面有显著影响。本研究利用无人机上的 PM 传感器和 PM 激光雷达测量了 2022 年（4 月、6 月、10 月）和 2023 年（2 月）中国长江三角洲（YRD）的 PM2.5 垂直剖面。结果表明，PM2.5垂直剖面在夜间边界层（NBL）顶部出现了明显的分层现象。NBL下沉稳定了边界层结构，抑制了PM2.5的垂直扩散，增加了地面PM2.5浓度。然而，当 NBL 下沉期间出现活跃的湍流运动时，地表的 PM2.5 可能会被向上输送。长三角地区的PM2.5垂直平均浓度（0-500米）在3小时内下降了58%-95%，这可能是由于长距离输送源从华北平原迅速转移到风速较高的黄海，并按后向轨迹移动所致。当环境 PM2.5 浓度较高（20 μg-m-3）且天气晴朗时，PM 激光雷达也能像无人机上的 PM 传感器一样观测到 PM2.5 垂直剖面（200-500 米）的昼夜变化。然而，PM2.5 的垂直浓度存在差异，两种方法在不同季节测得的 PM2.5 垂直平均浓度（200-500 米）的差异为 2.2-13.6 μg-m-3。当 PM2.5 浓度低于 17 μg-m-3 时，PM 激光雷达的测量性能明显低于无人机上的 PM 传感器。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.