Htet Htet Ei Khin, Joe J Cuthbert, Abhilash Koratala, Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese, Luna Gargani, Sokratis Stoumpos, John G F Cleland, Pierpaolo Pellicori
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose of review: Both cardiac and renal dysfunction can lead to water overload - commonly referred to as "congestion". Identification of congestion is difficult, especially when clinical signs are subtle.
Recent findings: As an extension of an echocardiographic examination, ultrasound can be used to identify intravascular (inferior vena cava diameter dilation, internal jugular vein distension or discontinuous venous renal flow) and tissue congestion (pulmonary B-lines). Combining assessment of cardiac structure, cardiac and renal function and measures of congestion informs the management of heart and kidney disease, which should improve patient outcomes. In this manuscript, we describe imaging techniques to identify and quantify congestion, clarify its origin, and potentially guide the management of patients with cardio-renal syndrome.
期刊介绍：
This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of heart failure. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as investigative, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic therapies, pathophysiology, and prevention. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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