A narrative review of Panax notoginseng: Unique saponins and their pharmacological activities

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Journal of Ginseng Research Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.005

Wenbiao Li, Hailian Shi, Xiaojun Wu

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Abstract

Panax notoginseng (PN) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) whose medicinal parts are roots and rhizomes for the treatment of haemorrhage, blood-stasis, swelling and pain. It contains various compounds with saponins being the main active components for its therapeutic effects. A thorough analysis of the unique saponins present in aboveground and underground parts was performed by literature search and database screening. Compared with PN, other Panax genus like P. ginseng (PG), P. quinquefolium (PQ) and P. japonicus (PJ) have the similar chemical composition and pharmacologic effects but different applications based on the TCM theory. PG is renowned for its qi-tonifying properties, while PQ is known for its heat-clearing and fluid-nourishing effects. PJ can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough except for its stasis-dispelling and hemostatic properties like PN. PN, PG, and PQ feature damarane-type saponins, while PJ has a high content of oleic acid-type saponins. In this review, the saponins within the four species were classified and compared, and the unique saponins in PN were identified, such as notoginsenosides Ft1, B, Ab1-3, Fh1-9, etc., which may contribute to its special activities. And their pharmacological effects were also analyzed and summarized, suggesting that notoginsenoside Ft1 may be crucial for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of unique saponins in PN on blood health should be well-clarified. This review highlights the importance of unique saponins in PN for its overall efficacy and hopes to make further exploration of their potential applications.

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三七的叙述综述：独特的皂苷及其药理活性

三七（Panax notoginseng， PN）是一种珍贵的中药，其药用部位是根和根茎，用于治疗出血、瘀血、肿胀和疼痛。它含有多种化合物，以皂苷为主要有效成分，具有治疗作用。通过文献检索和数据库筛选，对地上部分和地下部分的独特皂苷进行了深入的分析。人参（PG）、西洋参（PQ）和日本参（PJ）等其他人参属植物的化学成分和药理作用相似，但在中医理论基础上的应用不同。PG以其补气特性而闻名，而PQ则以其清热滋补功效而闻名。PJ除与PN具有化瘀止血作用外，还具有化痰止咳的作用。PN、PG、PQ以达玛烷型皂苷为主，PJ以油酸型皂苷含量较高。本文对这四种植物的皂苷进行了分类和比较，鉴定出了三七皂苷Ft1、B、Ab1-3、Fh1-9等可能与三七皂苷具有特殊活性有关的独特皂苷。并对其药理作用进行了分析和总结，提示三七皂苷Ft1可能对血管稳态起重要作用。然而，PN中独特的皂苷对血液健康的影响应该得到很好的澄清。本文综述了独特皂苷在PN中整体功效的重要性，并希望进一步探索其潜在的应用前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Ginseng Research CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL-INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

9.50%

发文量

111

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Ginseng Research (JGR) is an official, open access journal of the Korean Society of Ginseng and is the only international journal publishing scholarly reports on ginseng research in the world. The journal is a bimonthly peer-reviewed publication featuring high-quality studies related to basic, pre-clinical, and clinical researches on ginseng to reflect recent progresses in ginseng research. JGR publishes papers, either experimental or theoretical, that advance our understanding of ginseng science, including plant sciences, biology, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, veterinary medicine, biochemistry, manufacture, and clinical study of ginseng since 1976. It also includes the new paradigm of integrative research, covering alternative medicinal approaches. Article types considered for publication include review articles, original research articles, and brief reports. JGR helps researchers to understand mechanisms for traditional efficacy of ginseng and to put their clinical evidence together. It provides balanced information on basic science and clinical applications to researchers, manufacturers, practitioners, teachers, scholars, and medical doctors.