{"title":"Air Emissions and Health Impacts of Two Hydrogen-Based Electricity Generation Methods","authors":"Elaheh Safaei, Kerry Kelly","doi":"10.1002/ese3.2024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electricity production using fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and adverse health impacts. One option for decreasing fossil fuel consumption is replacing fossil fuel power plants with electricity produced from green hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>, produced from renewable sources). Previous studies mainly focused on greenhouse gas emissions from two common H<sub>2</sub> production methods, steam methane reforming (SMR) and water electrolysis. This study compares the estimated emissions and associated health outcomes of generating electricity from fossil fuels with electricity generated from H<sub>2</sub> produced through SMR or electrolysis in various regions of the United States. Shifting from coal-generated electricity to SMR-produced H<sub>2</sub>-generated electricity results in health benefits while shifting from natural gas-generated electricity to electricity generated from H<sub>2</sub> generated via water electricity results in health costs in all regions. Depending on the region, replacing a natural gas power plant with electricity generated from H<sub>2</sub> produced via SMR or replacing a coal power plant with electricity generated from water electrolysis could result in either health benefits or costs. This study also considers the impact of plant location on human health outcomes as well as the impact of increasing renewable energy percentages on health outcomes associated with replacing a coal or natural gas power plant with electricity generated from H<sub>2</sub> produced through grid-based water electrolysis. The results indicate that a high renewable fraction (over 85% of the grid) is required to experience health benefits, emphasizing the challenges associated with moving toward electrolysis-based H<sub>2</sub> production for electricity generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11673,"journal":{"name":"Energy Science & Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"643-656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ese3.2024","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy Science & Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ese3.2024","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Electricity production using fossil fuels contributes to air pollution and adverse health impacts. One option for decreasing fossil fuel consumption is replacing fossil fuel power plants with electricity produced from green hydrogen (H2, produced from renewable sources). Previous studies mainly focused on greenhouse gas emissions from two common H2 production methods, steam methane reforming (SMR) and water electrolysis. This study compares the estimated emissions and associated health outcomes of generating electricity from fossil fuels with electricity generated from H2 produced through SMR or electrolysis in various regions of the United States. Shifting from coal-generated electricity to SMR-produced H2-generated electricity results in health benefits while shifting from natural gas-generated electricity to electricity generated from H2 generated via water electricity results in health costs in all regions. Depending on the region, replacing a natural gas power plant with electricity generated from H2 produced via SMR or replacing a coal power plant with electricity generated from water electrolysis could result in either health benefits or costs. This study also considers the impact of plant location on human health outcomes as well as the impact of increasing renewable energy percentages on health outcomes associated with replacing a coal or natural gas power plant with electricity generated from H2 produced through grid-based water electrolysis. The results indicate that a high renewable fraction (over 85% of the grid) is required to experience health benefits, emphasizing the challenges associated with moving toward electrolysis-based H2 production for electricity generation.
期刊介绍：
Energy Science & Engineering is a peer reviewed, open access journal dedicated to fundamental and applied research on energy and supply and use. Published as a co-operative venture of Wiley and SCI (Society of Chemical Industry), the journal offers authors a fast route to publication and the ability to share their research with the widest possible audience of scientists, professionals and other interested people across the globe. Securing an affordable and low carbon energy supply is a critical challenge of the 21st century and the solutions will require collaboration between scientists and engineers worldwide. This new journal aims to facilitate collaboration and spark innovation in energy research and development. Due to the importance of this topic to society and economic development the journal will give priority to quality research papers that are accessible to a broad readership and discuss sustainable, state-of-the art approaches to shaping the future of energy. This multidisciplinary journal will appeal to all researchers and professionals working in any area of energy in academia, industry or government, including scientists, engineers, consultants, policy-makers, government officials, economists and corporate organisations.
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