What is a neighborhood? A concept consensus review of recent criminological literature

Abstract

Since the Chicago School, neighborhoods have been a staple in criminology research. However, some criminologists argue that there is no consensus on the definition of a neighborhood. This is important because if criminologists cannot agree on the theoretical concept of neighborhoods, they cannot synthesize neighborhood research across multiple studies. To test the “no consensus” assertion, we conducted a concept consensus review of all articles using the term “neighborhood” in the top 10 journals in criminology from 2010 to 2020. We found 310 articles where the term neighborhood was an important concept in the study. Of these articles, only 15 provided an explicit conceptual definition. An additional 6 articles provided ambiguous conceptual definitions. We probed the content of conceptual definitions and found they varied widely, often omitting essential elements. Finally, we examined the operational definitions used in the 310 studies and found 50 unique operationalizations of neighborhood. Therefore, we conclude that there is no consensus about the theoretical meaning of neighborhood in criminology. Criminologists should either reach a consensus about the meaning of neighborhood or abandon the concept and use newer alternatives.