{"title":"Physical Exercise Time and Depression Among Adolescents: A Nonlinear Dose-Response Association.","authors":"Meng-Wei Ge, Lu-Ting Shen, Fei-Hong Hu, Yi-Jie Jia, Wen Tang, Wan-Qing Zhang, Hong-Lin Chen, De-Jun Yu","doi":"10.1123/pes.2024-0096","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although physical exercise has been proven to yield beneficial outcomes for individual health, the dose-response association between physical exercise time and depression among adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between exercise time and depression among adolescents, as well as the dose-response relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between physical exercise time and depression among adolescents. The model controlled for age, ethnicity, economic status, parental relationship, divorce, being an only child, and sleep time. A restricted cubic spline model was used to examine the nonlinear dose-response relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between adolescents' physical exercise time and depression (P = .014). Both insufficient exercise (odds ratios = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.98-1.65; P = .072) and excessive level (odds ratios = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.03-4.47; P = .041) showed positive associations with depression. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that appropriate exercise (2.0-9.5 h/wk) may prevent depression, while excessive exercise (>9.5 h/wk) may exacerbate it (P-nonlinear < .001, P-overall < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low physical exercise time is associated with higher risk for depressive symptoms in adolescents, whereas excessive exercise is also associated with higher risk of depression, particularly in boys. The findings of this study underscore the importance of adolescents increasing their physical exercise time, but also maintaining a balance to avoid excessive exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pediatric Exercise Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0096","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: Although physical exercise has been proven to yield beneficial outcomes for individual health, the dose-response association between physical exercise time and depression among adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between exercise time and depression among adolescents, as well as the dose-response relationship.
Methods: A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between physical exercise time and depression among adolescents. The model controlled for age, ethnicity, economic status, parental relationship, divorce, being an only child, and sleep time. A restricted cubic spline model was used to examine the nonlinear dose-response relationship.
Results: A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between adolescents' physical exercise time and depression (P = .014). Both insufficient exercise (odds ratios = 1.27; 95% CI, 0.98-1.65; P = .072) and excessive level (odds ratios = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.03-4.47; P = .041) showed positive associations with depression. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that appropriate exercise (2.0-9.5 h/wk) may prevent depression, while excessive exercise (>9.5 h/wk) may exacerbate it (P-nonlinear < .001, P-overall < .001).
Conclusions: Low physical exercise time is associated with higher risk for depressive symptoms in adolescents, whereas excessive exercise is also associated with higher risk of depression, particularly in boys. The findings of this study underscore the importance of adolescents increasing their physical exercise time, but also maintaining a balance to avoid excessive exercise.
期刊介绍：
Pediatric Exercise Science is a journal committed to enriching the scientific knowledge of exercise during childhood and adolescence. To this end it publishes information that contributes to an understanding of (a) the unique aspects of the physiologic, physical, biochemical, and psychologic responses of children to exercise, (b) the role of exercise in the treatment of pediatric chronic diseases, (c) the importance of physical activity in the prevention of illness and preservation of wellness, and (d) the means by which participation in sports may be made safer and more enjoyable for children and youth. Consideration will be given for publication of work by various methodologies consistent with the scientific approach.
Besides original research, the journal includes review articles, abstracts from other journals, book reviews, and editorial comments. Pediatric Exercise Science encourages the expression of conflicting opinions regarding children and exercise by providing a forum for alternative viewpoints. At the same time it serves as a means of accumulating a base of research information that will allow application of experimental data to clinical practice. The scientific disciplines contributing to this body of knowledge are diverse. Therefore it is the purpose of this journal to provide a common focus for disseminating advances in the science of exercise during childhood. In doing so, the journal allows the opportunity for cross-fertilization of ideas between disciplines that will potentiate the growth of knowledge in this field. Pediatric Exercise Science seeks to stimulate new ideas regarding exercise in children and to increase the awareness of scientists, health care providers, and physical educators of the importance of exercise during childhood.
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