Exploration of Antioxidative, Antidiarrheal, and Antihyperglycemic Properties of Artocarpus chama Leaves Along With In Silico Analysis.

Abstract

Artocarpus chama is a rare member of the Moraceae family that is found in some Asian countries. This plant has some therapeutic uses in folk medicine. This project was carried out on the leaves of this plant to explore some of its pharmacological importance. This plant revealed the presence of different phytochemical groups such as reducing sugars, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, gums, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. This plant has antioxidant compounds, and the total content of phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin was measured at 38.7 mg GAE/g, 298.37 mg QE/g, and 43.9 mg GAE/g, respectively. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H₂O₂, and superoxide scavenging tests, SC₅₀ values were found to be 232.2, 131.67, and 192.12 μg/mL, respectively. In the FeCl₃ reducing assay, the RC₅₀ was 79.71 μg/mL. The n-hexane fraction showed a good antidiarrheal effect, while defecation inhibition was 54.42% and 66.29% at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively. Both n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a good antihyperglycemic effect in the oral glucose tolerance test in the experimental mice. In α-glucosidase inhibition, the IC₅₀ value was 25.043 mg/mL. This extract did not show any promising responses in the diuretic, analgesic, and anthelmintic tests. From gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) investigation, we have found 25 compounds that are displayed in this extricate. After conducting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and molecular coupling analysis, we finally selected four compounds which may be further tested in order to isolate newer antidiarrheal and antihyperglycemic compounds from this plant in the future.