Lipoprotein particle profile in the presence of peripheral artery disease among patients with coronary heart disease: Data from the CORDIOPREV study.

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia is recognized as a contributing factor to peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the influence of lipoprotein subfractions as compared to traditional serum lipid levels is not well-understood.

Objective: This study explores the association between lipoprotein subfractions and the occurrence of PAD in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: In the CORDIOPREV study, 981 patients were categorized based on PAD diagnosis, determined by an ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.9. Those with ABI >0.9 and <1.4 were considered PAD-free, while patients with ABI ≥1.4 were excluded. We employed high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze the concentration and lipid content of lipoprotein subfractions.

Results: PAD patients exhibited significantly lower levels of medium high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and reduced concentrations of associated lipids within these subfractions except for triglycerides. A higher concentration of large or medium HDL particles correlated with a lower PAD prevalence (OR: 0.61, 95% CI, 0.44-0.84; OR: 0.59, 95% CI, 0.43-0.81, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression, medium HDL particle levels inversely associated with PAD presence (OR: 0.69, 95% CI, 0.48-0.99, P = .044) after adjustment for confounding factors.

Conclusions: The presence of PAD among CHD patients inversely correlates with medium HDL particle concentrations as determined by NMR. These insights could advance our understanding of PAD pathophysiology and HDL metabolism.