Alaa H Sewid, Mohamed Sharaf, Azza S El-Demerdash, Sherif M Ragab, Fatimah O Al-Otibi, Mohamed Taha Yassin, Chen-Guang Liu
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis, a common inhabitant of the feline gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a significant pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in domestic cats. The rise of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains and their propensity to form biofilms pose significant challenges in treatment. This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of hexagonal zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) alone and in combination with streptomycin and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLe) against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolates from feline UTIs.
Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was assessed using the crystal violet assay, and biofilm-associated genes (sprE, gelE, fsrABC) were detected by PCR. ZnONPs, Str/ZnONPs (streptomycin-loaded ZnONPs), and Str/MOLe@ZnONPs (streptomycin and MOLe-loaded ZnONPs) were characterized using FTIR, DLS, TEM, and SEM. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated through time-kill assays, well diffusion assays, and gene expression analysis.
Results: A high prevalence of multidrug resistance was observed among the E. faecalis isolates, with significant resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin, and streptomycin. Characterization studies revealed the successful encapsulation of streptomycin and MOLe within the ZnONPs.In vitro assays demonstrated that Str/MOLe@ZnONPs exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against the tested E. faecalis strains, significantly reducing bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
Discussion: The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This study demonstrates the promising potential of ZnONPs, particularly those loaded with streptomycin and MOLe, in combating biofilm-forming E. faecalis. The synergistic effects of the combined formulation may offer a novel approach to overcome antibiotic resistance and improve the treatment outcomes of E. faecalis UTIs in domestic cats.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology is a leading specialty journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across all pathogenic microorganisms and their interaction with their hosts. Chief Editor Yousef Abu Kwaik, University of Louisville is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology includes research on bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, endosymbionts, prions and all microbial pathogens as well as the microbiota and its effect on health and disease in various hosts. The research approaches include molecular microbiology, cellular microbiology, gene regulation, proteomics, signal transduction, pathogenic evolution, genomics, structural biology, and virulence factors as well as model hosts. Areas of research to counteract infectious agents by the host include the host innate and adaptive immune responses as well as metabolic restrictions to various pathogenic microorganisms, vaccine design and development against various pathogenic microorganisms, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and its countermeasures.
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