Elimination of residual adult T-cell leukaemia clones by Tax-targeted dendritic cell vaccine

EJHaem Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI:10.1002/jha2.1072

Tadafumi Iino, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Takaji Matsutani, Koichi Akashi, Mari Kannagi, Youko Suehiro

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Abstract

Background

A pilot clinical study of a Tax peptide-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccine for adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) indicated favourable clinical outcomes.

Methods

We investigated its anti-tumour effect by T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis in samples from an enrolled ATL patient who achieved a 10-year complete remission after DC vaccination.

Results

In this patient, the dominant residual ATL clones that had persisted following previous treatment entirely disappeared within 3 years after DC vaccination. Additionally, the DC vaccine restored TCR repertoire diversity of normal T cells and newly induced functional Tax-specific CD8⁺ T cell clones.