The effects of seawater intrusion on sustainable coastal areas: A comprehensive study on Bagerhat district, Bangladesh

Abstract

This study investigates the intricate challenges posed by seawater intrusion in the coastal regions of Bangladesh, with a focus on the Bagerhat district and nine Upazilas within it. Through a comprehensive analysis integrating field observations, stakeholder consultations, and literature reviews, the research delineates the multifaceted impacts of seawater intrusion on agriculture, livelihoods, environment, and economy in the region. Post-monsoon measurements reveal alarming levels of salinity in Gher and canal water, indicating significant infiltration of saline water into coastal aquifers and surface reservoirs. Both natural processes and human activities are identified as key contributors to this phenomenon. The consequences of seawater intrusion are far-reaching, encompassing reduced agricultural yields, depletion of traditional crops and fish species, economic hardships, and health hazards. Proposed mitigation strategies include land-use adjustments, canal reconstructions, and cultivation of salt-tolerant crops to safeguard agricultural productivity and livelihoods. Moreover, the study emphasizes the need for holistic approaches integrating agriculture, water resource management, health, and infrastructure development to address the challenges posed by seawater intrusion and foster sustainable development in affected coastal regions.