A systematic review on heavy metals in indoor air: Occurrence, spatial variation, and health risk

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112357

Ni Liang , Zekun Li , Jie Sun , Nan Fu , Guoliang Zhong , Xianbiao Lin , Kang Mao , Peng Zhang , Zhaofeng Chang , Dong Yang , Wei Du , Guofeng Shen , Bo Pan

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Abstract

Indoor air quality is of importance for human health since people spent most of their time indoors. Heavy metals (HMs) in indoor air should be concerned since they may increase the incidence of various diseases. However, systematic studies on the occurrences, sources, and health risks of HMs in indoor air were insufficient. Herein, HMs in indoor air were systematically reviewed at a global scale, the characteristics of HMs in different regions, functional areas, and building types were investigated. The results showed that frequent traffic and indoor smoking made Zn occupy the dominant position of HMs in indoor air, accounting for 69.72 %. In rural areas, indoor As and Pb were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those in other areas due to burning of inferior fuels. In addition, cooking activities could increase Pb concentrations in residential buildings, reaching 755.32 ± 6556.82 ng/m³. Health risk assessments showed that residents in Southeast Asia and East Asia were at non-carcinogenic risk from multiple HMs (HQ > 1). The use of solid fuels and industrial emissions were the main reasons. This study confirmed the importance of controlling indoor air pollution to reduce its health impact, which can provide useful information for policy makers.

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来源期刊

Building and Environment 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

23.00%

发文量

1130

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Building and Environment, an international journal, is dedicated to publishing original research papers, comprehensive review articles, editorials, and short communications in the fields of building science, urban physics, and human interaction with the indoor and outdoor built environment. The journal emphasizes innovative technologies and knowledge verified through measurement and analysis. It covers environmental performance across various spatial scales, from cities and communities to buildings and systems, fostering collaborative, multi-disciplinary research with broader significance.