Three-dimensional nanosheet glass with fluid-induced switchable haze obtained by hydrothermal method

Abstract

Ultrahigh haze nanosheet glass with three-dimensional nanostructure was fabricated using a simple hydrothermal method in concentrated hydrochloric acid solution at elevated temperatures. After 2 hours of hydrothermal treatment, the total transmission of the nanosheet glass decreased to less than 35%, with a haze value exceeding 95%. When the sample was wetted with water, the total transmission increased to 85%, while the haze value decreased to 32%. A mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of the three-dimensional nanostructure. Furthermore, we demonstrated a switchable-haze smart window model based on the nanosheet glass. These findings suggest potential applications in underwater optics, such as underwater cameras and diving goggles.