Cardy matches Bethe on the surface: A tale of a brane and a black hole

Abstract

We consider the insertion of a Gukov-Witten surface defect in $\mathrm{SU}\left(N\right)$ $N=4$ SYM corresponding to a probe D3-brane in the holographic dual setup. The defect gives rise to a 4d-2d coupled system encoding the entropy of the dual perturbed black hole, which can be extracted from the corresponding Superconformal Index. Elaborating on previous studies, we refine the results using both a saddle-point and a Bethe-Ansatz approach. The consistency of our computation is corroborated by the complete agreement between the two results in the appropriate regime of fugacities. Eventually, the sub-leading structure, emerging from our analysis, provides a suggestive EFT interpretation for the addition of the defect to the 4d system, mirroring the behavior of the probe D3-brane in the gravity dual.