Maillard reaction-based conjugates as carrier strategies for delivery of bioactive compounds: A review

Abstract

Bioactive compounds (BCs) have long been hindered by multiple barriers in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) preventing effective absorption. Thus, in order to further enhance the bioavailability of BCs, delivery systems consisting of conjugates using the Maillard reaction as carriers are gradually coming into the limelight. Since BCs are challenging for delivery in GIT, the delivery and release of BCs in this review will be updated and discussed based on the carriers of the Maillard conjugates. The focus includes emulsions, nanoparticles, microcapsules, gels, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Upon this, the application of Maillard conjugates offers the possibility of targeted release of BCs in vivo and their protection. This review offers insights into delivery systems designed that improve bioavailability.