Two case reports of rare Down's syndrome during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

Abstract

Rationale: Despite the potential risks, assisted reproductive technology has provided hope and opportunities for individuals and couples struggling with infertility to conceive and have children. This study presents a case report that describes an occurrence where a pregnancy achieved through in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer had to be ended because of the presence of trisomy 21 syndrome.

Patient concerns: Two 26-year-old women who were diagnosed with primary infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome manifested with overweight and hirsutism.

Diagnosis: These 2 cases were regarded as a diagnosis of Down syndrome, which resulted in the decision to legally terminate the pregnancy when the mother was, in her 12th week and 4 days of gestation. Upon examining the makeup of the cells in the chorionic villi it was discovered that all cells had a chromosomal composition of 47, XX.

Interventions: In these case reports, 2 26-year-old woman with polycystic ovary syndrome underwent assisted reproductive technology and IVF to conceive. The first IVF transfer was unsuccessful, but the second attempt resulted in a successful transfer in both cases. However, a positive screening for Down syndrome led to a legal abortion at 12 + 4 weeks gestation.

Outcomes: Genetic counseling revealed no family history of genetic diseases, and the couple opted for IVF without preimplantation genetic testing. During the trimester of their pregnancies the expectant mothers were initially screened at 12 + 4 weeks after conception. Nuchal translucency examination showed thickening of the fluid at the back of the fetal neck. Moreover, there was an increase in the levels of pregnancy related plasma protein and β human chorionic gonadotropin.

Lessons: These 2 cases underscore the significance of genetic counseling and prenatal screening for couples who are undergoing assisted reproductive technologies, with the purpose of detecting and effectively addressing any possible genetic abnormalities that may arise in their progeny.